Ruby comes from the Latin word rubrum meaning "red". A red form of corundum, second only to diamond in hardness. The red color is caused by the presence of chrome.
Ruby and sapphire, the blue form of corundum, have a very long history of recognition as precious stones. Although it is likely that they were found much earlier, the first written references to ruby deposits come from the 6th century AD and mention Burma which is still the main source. Rubies were worn by Burmese soldiers to protect them against wounds in battle.
The ruby is said to have been one of the stones used in the breastplate of the ancient high priest and during the Middle Ages was regarded as the "Lord of gems and the most precious of the twelve stones God created". It is thought to improve one's success in controversies.
Ruby is the birthstone for July, symbolizing contentment, and the zodiac stone for Capricorn as well as Wednesday's stone. (star ruby)
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